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raditions
of a mys- terious, bearded visitor from overseas have been current
across our continent since pre-Columbian times. The universal
image of this man, depicted as an influential religious leader,
has fascinated me for twenty years, during which time I conducted
my investigations among every Native American willing to discuss
his or her tribal history with me. Through them I learned that
the mythic memory of this light-skinned (often referred to as
white-skinned), robed man occurs in ancient myth among numerous
Indian peoples.
But his story is found most frequently in North American legends,
which reveal more infor- mation about his appearance and the
nature of his arrival. In Middle and South America, he was known
respectively, as the "Feathered Serpent" (the Mayas'
Kukulcan and Aztec Quetzalcoatl), and "Sea
Foam", Kon-Tiki- Viracocha, to the Incas. North of
the Rio Grande River, he is generally referred to as East Star
Man, Peace Maker, Pale One, Dawn Star, etc.
Native accounts tell of his arrival from the direction of the
rising sun, after which he set up a priest- hood among his followers,
known as the "Wau-pa-nu" (the spelling is phonetic).
They were said to have healed the sick and instituted new laws.
Blood sacrifice was for- bidden and replaced by the use of tobacco,
today an important element in all traditional Native American
ceremonies. Among many eastern tribes, East Star Man is regarded
as the son of the Great Spirit, the Creator.
I first learned of this Son of the Great Spirit from Ricardo
Baeza, an Ojibwa medicine man in Golden Valley, Minnesota. He
approached me after my lecture about the Michigan Plates. Collectively,
they were associated with Daniel Soper and Father Savage, early
preservers of a large group of cop- per artifacts and stone tablets
unearthed from numerous mounds throughout the state of Michigan,
beginning in the late 1800s. The objects, today scattered across
the United States and Canada in mostly private collections, feature
portrayals of familiar scenes from |
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| Michigan Tablet depicting Christ's crucifixion.
Tablet is made of a clay material, fired or sun dried, in the
archives of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,
Salt Lake City, Utah. Photograph ©, courtesy of David A.
Deal. |
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mostly the Old Testament and three or more, undeciphered,
written scripts, together with depictions of what appear to be
persons from Europe or the Near East in hostile interaction with
Native Americans.
Although condemned out of hand as fraudulent by the archaeologists,
the so-called "Michigan Plates" or "Soper Savage
Collections" continue to intrigue independent antiquarians,
who believe the artifacts were made by an Old World religious
community in the upper Midwest during the 4th Century A.D or
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earlier. In the 1950s, Henrietta Mertz was the first researcher
to identify the "tribal mark or mystic symbol" which
commonly appears throughout the collection.
ollowing my Golden Valley slide presentation
of the Michigan Plates, Mr. Baeza told me that he could actually
read some of the glyphs that appeared on the Soper-Savage tablets,
explaining that their symbolic meaning was part of his tribe's
sacred tradition. He added that the so-called "mystic symbol"
represented the name
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